Tumor pseudopapilar sólido de páncreas, una neoplasia inusual / Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas, an Unusual Neoplasm

Presentación del caso. Se trata de una mujer de 26 años que presentó dolor en epigastrio e hipocondrio izquierdo, con aumento del perímetro abdominal y pérdida de 5 kg de peso corporal. En el examen físico se detectó una masa de gran tamaño en el epigastrio, con bordes regulares, ligeramente dolorosa al tacto y no móvil. Los estudios de imagen revelaron una neoplasia mixta en el cuerpo y cola pancreática. Intervención terapéutica. Se practicó una esplenopancreatectomía corpo-caudal, con extirpación completa del tumor. Evolución clínica. La paciente recibió cuidados especializados y vigilancia estrecha posquirúrgica en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, sin presentar complicaciones relevantes. Tras el alta hospitalaria, la paciente refirió un buen estado general en los controles de seguimiento, que incluyeron una tomografía realizada a los 12 meses, donde no se evidenciaron restos o recidivas tumorales

Case presentation. A 26-year-old woman who presented with pain in the epigastrium and left hypochondrium, with increased abdominal perimeter and loss of 5 kg of body weight. Physical examination revealed a large mass in the epigastrium, with regular borders, slightly painful to the touch and non-mobile. Imaging studies revealed a mixed neoplasm in the pancreatic body and tail. Treatment. A corpo-caudal splenopancreatectomy was performed, with complete removal of the tumor. Outcome. The patient received specialized care and close postoperative surveillance in the intensive care unit, with no relevant complications. After hospital discharge, the patient reported a good general condition in the follow-up controls, which included a computed tomography scan performed after 12 months, where no tumor remnants or recurrences were evidenced

Sobrevida del adenocarcinoma ductal de páncreas

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la presentación epidemiológica y la sobrevida de los pacientes con adenocarcinoma ductal de páncreas de acuerdo con su estadío clínico y al tipo de intervención realizada, en una cohorte de pacientes atendidos en una clínica en Lima, Perú. Estudio de cohortes retrospectivas que evaluó desde enero del 2015 a febrero del 2021 a pacientes con diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma ductal de páncreas considerando diversos factores epidemiológicos, radiológicos, estadiaje oncológico, haber recibido quimioterapia neoadyuvante o adyuvante, haber sido sometidos a cirugía y la sobrevida posterior a alguna de las intervenciones realizadas. De los 249 pacientes analizados, se encontró que 75 de ellos requerían cirugía resectiva. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos, se observó que aquellos con un nivel de CA 19-9 menor a 200 U/mL presentaban una media de sobrevida más alta en comparación con aquellos cuyo nivel de CA 19-9 era superior a 200 U/mL (HR: 1,96; IC95%: 0,18-0,53; p≤0,001). Asimismo, al comparar a los pacientes según su etapa, se encontró que aquellos con tumores resecables tenían una media de sobrevida de 37,72 meses, mientras que aquellos con tumores localmente avanzados tenían una media de sobrevida de 13,47 meses y aquellos con tumores metastásicos tenían una media de sobrevida de 7,69 meses (HR: 0,87; IC95%: 0,31-0,25; p≤0,001). Igualmente, se observó que recibir tratamiento neoadyuvante se asociaba con un mejor pronóstico de sobrevida para los pacientes (HR: 0,32; IC95%: 0,19-0,53; p≤0,001). Asimismo, se llevaron a cabo 5 pancreatectomías con resección metastásica en pacientes oligometastásicos tratados con quimioterapia de rescate, y se encontró que la media de sobrevida para estos pacientes fue de 22,51 meses. Conclusión: La cirugía resectiva en un estadío clínico temprano , presentar valores de CA 19-9 por debajo de 200 U/mL y haber recibido quimioterapia neoadyuvante se correlaciona estadísticamente con una mayor esperanza de sobrevida.

The objective of this study is to analyze the epidemiological presentation and survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma according to their clinical stage and the type of intervention performed, in a cohort of patients treated at a clinic in Lima, Peru. A retrospective cohort study evaluated patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from January 2015 to February 2021, considering various epidemiological factors, radiological findings, oncological staging, receipt of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, undergoing surgery, and post-intervention survival. Out of the 249 patients analyzed, 75 of them required resective surgery. Among the main findings, it was observed that those with a CA 19-9 level below 200 U/mL had a higher median survival compared to those with a CA 19-9 level above 200 U/mL (HR: 1.96; 95% CI: 0.18-0.53; p≤0.001). Furthermore, when comparing patients according to their stage, those with resectable tumors had a median survival of 37.72 months, while those with locally advanced tumors had a median survival of 13.47 months, and those with metastatic tumors had a median survival of 7.69 months (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.31-0.25; p≤0.001). Additionally, receiving neoadjuvant treatment was associated with a better prognosis of survival for patients (HR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.19-0.53; p≤0.001). Furthermore, 5 pancreatectomies with metastatic resection were performed in oligometastatic patients treated with salvage chemotherapy, and the median survival for these patients was 22.51 months. Conclusion: Resective surgery at an early clinical stage, CA 19-9 levels below 200 U/mL, and receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy are statistically correlated with a higher overall survival.

Neoplasia quística mucinosa gigante del páncreas tratada con pancreatectomía corporocaudal y preservación esplénica / Giant mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas undergoing pancreatectomy with splenic preservation

RESUMEN: La neoplasia quística mucinosa del páncreas (NQMP) es un tumor infrecuente, que afecta predominantemente a mujeres (90-95 %), afectando especialmente entre la quinta y séptima década de la vida; cuyo descubrimiento suele ser incidental. Por lo general, son lesiones solitarias, sin compromiso del conducto pancreático principal; poco sintomáticas y asociadas a malignidad (10 % a 40 %). El objetivo de este manuscrito fue reportar un caso de neoplasia quística mucinosa gigante del páncreas intervenida quirúrgicamente y revisar la evidencia existente respecto de sus características morfológicas, terapéuticas y pronósticas. Mujer de 29 años, con masa abdominal poco sintomática. El diagnóstico se verificó por medio de ultrasonografía, tomografía axial computarizada y resonancia nuclear magnética. Se intervino quirúrgicamente, realizándose pancreatectomía corporocaudal con preservación esplénica, sin incidentes. La paciente fue dada de alta al quinto día, sin complicaciones, y evolucionó de forma adecuada, sin complicaciones postoperatorias. La NMQP es una lesión compleja, que puede asociarse a malignidad, pero el diagnóstico preoperatorio de malignidad no puede establecerse con seguridad. El pronóstico depende de un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento oportuno.

SUMMARY: Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas (MCNP) are variable types of tumors, which predominantly affect women (90-95 %), and usually appear incidentally in the 5th to 7th decade of life. They are generally solitary lesions, with no involvement of the main pancreatic duct, rarely symptomatic and are associated with malignancy (10 % to 40 %). The aim of this manuscript was to report a case of giant mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas surgically treated and review the existing evidence regarding its morphological, therapeutic and prognosis characteristics. Patient: A 29-year-old woman with a slightly symptomatic abdominal mass. The diagnosis was verified with ultrasound, computed axial tomography and magnetic nuclear resonance. The patient underwent surgery; an uneventful corporocaudal pancreatectomy with splenic preservation was performed. She was discharged on the fifth day, and has evolved adequately, without postoperative complications. MCNP is a complex lesion, which can be associated with malignancy, but the preoperative diagnosis of malignancy cannot be established with certainty. Its prognosis depends on early diagnosis and timely treatment.

Positive Resection Margins Detected by Standardized Study of a Pancreaticoduodenectomy Sample: Is There Any Real Impact on Long-term Survival? / Margen de resección positivo tras la aplicación de un examen estandarizado de la muestra de duodenopancreatectomía cefálica: ¿tiene un impacto real en la supervivencia a largo plazo?

INTRODUCTION: The pathological evaluation of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) samples and the impact of R1 resections on survival has recently been questioned. This study evaluates the introduction of a standardized pathology study protocol (PSP) and the prognosis of R1 resections after long-term follow-up. METHODS: We reviewed data from a prospectively maintained database regarding 109 periampullary tumors treated by PD from 2005 to 2013. The results of the introduction of a PSP were analysed, and the recurrence rate (RR), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of the R1 resections were evaluated for each positive margin. RESULTS: The PD specimens of periampullary tumors analyzed by PSP showed a higher rate of isolated lymph nodes (17 vs. 8; P=.003), N+ (60% vs. 31%; P<.001), microvascular invasion (67% vs. 34%; P=.001) and R1 resections (42% vs. 18%; P=.010). Pancreatic adenocarcinomas with R1 resection in the PSP group were compared with R0, presenting higher percentages of vascular resections (P=.033), N+ (P=.029), lymphatic and perineural invasion (P=.047; P=.029), higher RR (P=.026), lower DFS (P=.016) and lower OS (P=.025). Invasion of the medial margin correlated with a worse prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our series shows an increase in R1 resection after the introduction of a PSP. Infiltration of the medial margin seems to be associated with a higher RR and a decrease in DFS and OS.

Adenocarcinoma de pâncreas / Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Introdução: Este artigo revisa o conhecimento atual do adenocarcinoma pancreático, dissertando sobre a definição, a sintomatologia e os processos diagnóstico, terapêutico e prognóstico. Métodos: Revisão bibliográfica de artigos científicos, selecionados nas bases Medline e PubMed entre março e maio de 2018, e em sites epidemiológicos sobre neoplasias pancreáticas. Resultados: A doença maligna do pâncreas é uma das neoplasias mais letais na atualidade, uma vez que sua detecção normalmente ocorre em estágios avançados da doença, impossibilitando a ressecção cirúrgica, que é a única opção potencialmente curativa disponível. A maior parte dos casos, entretanto, não é candidata a cirurgia por presença de metástases à distância ou por comprometimento vascular local, notadamente dos vasos mesentéricos. Conclusão: O adenocarcinoma ductal pancreático é uma patologia incomum, mas que merece atenção por sua alta agressividade e prognóstico reservado, com baixos índices de cura e de sobrevida, situação que se mantém inalterada ao longo das últimas décadas.

Introduction: This article reviews the current knowledge about pancreatic adenocarcinoma, discussing definition, symptomatology and diagnostic, as well as therapeutic and prognostic processes. Methods: Bibliographic review of scientific articles, selected from Medline and PubMed databases between March and May 2018, and in epidemiological sites on pancreatic neoplasms. Results: Malignant disease of the pancreas is one of the most lethal neoplasms today, since its detection usually occurs in advanced stages of the disease, making surgical resection impossible, which is the only potentially curative option available. Most cases, however, are not candidates for surgery due to presence of distant metastases or local vascular impairment, notably mesenteric vessels. Conclusion: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an uncommon pathology, but it deserves attention because of its high aggressiveness and reserved prognosis, with low rates of cure and survival, a situation that has remained unchanged over the last decades.

Sweet´s syndrome and pancreatic neoplasm: an atypical association

El síndrome de Sweet es una dermatosis inflamatoria poco común, que se ha asociado a tumores malignos, principalmente de tipo hematológico. Presentamos un caso clínico de síndrome de Sweet asociado con una rara neoplasia pancreática, siendo uno de los pocos casos reportados en la literatura médica acerca de esta asociación.

Sweet's syndrome is an uncommon inflammatory dermatosis, which has been associated with malignant tumors, mainly of hematological type. We report a clinical case of Sweet syndrome associated with a rare pancreatic neoplasm, which is one of the few cases reported in the medical literature about this association.

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas in a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus): case report / Carcinoma indiferenciado de pâncreas em calopsitas (Nymphicus hollandicus): relato de caso

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas is a malignant neoplasm that is uncommon among domestic species, especially cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), one of the most popular birds kept as a pet throughout the world. The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of an undifferentiated carcinoma in the pancreas of a cockatiel. A bird, an adult male that died naturally with swelling in the abdominal region, was referred to necropsy. Macroscopic examination showed poor body condition, the coelomic cavity filled with liquid and a white mass attached to the pancreas and other smaller masses attached to the duodenum. Tissue samples and organs were harvested and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, then routinely processed for histopathology and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopic analysis demonstrated an epithelial neoplasia with a predominantly solid pattern, lymphatic invasion and involvement of the intestinal serous membrane. These findings indicate the occurrence of an undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma in a cockatiel that was diagnosed by histopathology.(AU)

O carcinoma indiferenciado de pâncreas é uma neoplasia maligna, incomum entre as espécies domésticas, especialmente em calopsitas (Nymphicus hollandicus), uma das aves mais populares como animal de companhia no mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a ocorrência de carcinoma indiferenciado de pâncreas em Nymphicus hollandicus. Uma ave, macho adulto, com morte natural e com aumento de volume em região abdominal, foi encaminhada para necropsia. Ao exame macroscópico foram observados mau estado corporal, cavidade celômica repleta de líquido e massa esbranquiçada aderida ao pâncreas e outra menor aderida ao duodeno. Amostras de tecidos e órgãos foram colhidas em formol 10% tamponado, processadas rotineiramente para histopatologia e coradas por hematoxilina e eosina. Na microscopia foi observada neoplasia epitelial com padrão predominantemente sólido, com invasão linfática e implantação na serosa intestinal. Com esses achados, comprovou-se a ocorrência de carcinoma indiferenciado de pâncreas em Nymphicus hollandicus, o qual pode ser diagnosticado por meio de histopatologia.(AU)

Tumor sólido-cístico pseudopapilar do pâncreas (tumor de Frantz): relato de dois casos e revisão de literatura / Pseudopapillary solid-cystic tumor of pancreas (Frantz's tumor): two cases report and literature review

O tumor sólido-cístico pseudopapilar do pâncreas (TSCPP) - tumor de Frantz - é uma neoplasia rara do pâncreas que ocorre principalmente em pacientes jovens e apresenta um bom prognóstico. Pouco mais de 700 casos foram relatados na literatura mundial. A maioria das publicações estudadas relatam casos deste tumor em pacientes do sexo feminino, que ao diagnóstico apresenta-se oligossintomáticas ou assintomáticas, com massa abdominal palpável, em que a tomografia computadorizada evidencia presença de massa sólidocística. Dois terços destes tumores ocorrem no corpo e cauda do pâncreas e, apesar do crescimento excessivo para fora dos limites pancreáticos, raramente invadem estruturas vasculares ou órgãos adjacentes. A maioria dos pacientes são curados com a ressecção completa do tumor, porém 10 a 15% apresentam metástase sincrônica ou metacrônica. Em nossa casuística, um deles apresentou-se de forma clássica: mulher jovem, oligossintomática, submetida à pâncreatectomia corpo-caudal com preservação do baço, que obteve cura com a ressecção da lesão. No segundo caso, paciente do sexo masculino, sexagenário, submetido a ressecção corpo-caudal do pâncreas, apresentou recidiva hepática dois anos após tratamento da lesão primária e foi submetido à ressecção da lesão metastática do fígado. Ambos atualmente em acompanhamento e sem evidência de doença. Enfatiza-se a necessidade de se considerar o tumor de Frantz no diagnóstico diferencial de massa abdominal, sólido-cística em topografia pancreática e com crescimento indolente e oligossintomático. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar dois casos tumor sólido-cístico psudopapilar do pâncreas, sendo um caso típico e outro atípico: homem, sexagenário que evoluiu com lesão metastática

The pseudopapillary solid-cystic tumor of pancreas (TCPP) - Frantz tumor - is a rare neoplasm of the pancreas that occurs mainly in young patients and has a good prognosis. Just over 700 cases have been reported in the world literature. The majority of studied publications reported cases of female patients, introducing itself oligosymptomatic or asymptomatic with palpable abdominal mass, where the CT scan shows the presence of solid-cystic mass. Two-thirds of these tumors occur in the body and tail of the pancreas, and despite the excessive growth beyond pancreatic limits, it rarely invaded adjacent organs or vascular structures. Most of patients are cured with complete tumor resection, but 10 to 15% have synchronous or metachronous metastasis. In our series, one of them have presented a classical form: young woman, oligosymptomatic, submitted to pancreatectomy body-caudal with preservation of the spleen, which achieved cure with resection of the lesion. In the second case, the male patient in his sixties, subjected to body-tail pancreatic resection, liver showed recurrence two years after treatment of the primary lesion and underwent resection of metastatic liver damage. Currently both are in monitoring and have no evidence of disease. It emphasizes the need to consider the Frantz tumor in the differential diagnosis of abdominal mass, especially when in pancreatic topography and indolent growth and oligosymptomatic. The objective of this study is to show two cases solid-cystic psudopapilar tumor of the pancreas, one tipycal case and other atypical: man, in his sixties who developed metastatic lesion

What to do with an intraductal papilary mucinous pancreatic neoplasm? Our experience. / ¿Qué hacer ante una neoplasia mucinosa papilar intraductal de páncreas? Nuestra experiencia.

INTRODUCTION: Cystic pancreatic neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of pathology, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia is becoming more common. The aim of this study is to review our series of cystic pancreatic neoplasms that underwent surgery and to evaluate the similarities with Fukuoka recommendations. METHODS: Retrospective review of our experience analyzing clinical and radiological data, indication for surgery and pathology study of 11 patients operated on in our centre from july 2011 to july 2015, aiming to evaluate the degree of agreement with the current consensus. RESULTS: In our series the majority of cases (7/11) had symptoms at diagnosis. Preoperative diagnosis was achieved in 10 patients using radiology and/or endoscopy. Indications for surgery were the presence of symptoms, radiological data suspicious of malignancy, and secondary branch neoplasia over 30mm. Pathological findings were malignancy in 6/11 cases (2 invasive neoplasia, 4 high grade dysplasia), moderate dysplasia in 2/11, low-grade dysplasia in 2/11 and no dysplasia in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical indication of intraductal mucinous pancreatic neoplasms depends on the associated symptoms, size, location, risk and suspicion of malignancy.

The largest western experience with hepatopancreatoduodenectomy: lessons learned with 35 cases / A maior experiência ocidental com hepatopancreatoduodenectomia: lições aprendidas com 35 casos

Background : Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy is one of the most complex abdominal operations mainly indicated in advanced biliary carcinoma. Aim : To present 10-year experience performing this operation in advanced malignant tumors. Methods : This is a retrospective descriptive study. From 2004 to 2014, 35 hepatopancreatoduodenectomies were performed in three different institutions. The most common indication was advanced biliary carcinoma in 24 patients (68.5%). Results: Eighteen patients had gallbladder cancer, eight Klatskin tumors, five neuroendocrine tumors with liver metastasis, one colorectal metastasis invading the pancreatic head, one intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with liver metastasis, one gastric cancer recurrence with liver involvement and one ocular melanoma with pancreatic head and right liver lobe metastasis. All patients were submitted to pancreatoduodenectomy with a liver resection as follows: eight right trisectionectomies, five right lobectomies, four left lobectomies, 18 central lobectomies (IVb, V and VIII). The overall mortality was 34.2% (12/35) and the overall morbidity rate was 97.4%. Conclusion : Very high mortality is seen when major liver resection is performed with pancreatoduodenectomy, including right lobectomy and trisectionectomy. Liver failure in combination with a pancreatic leak is invariably lethal. Efforts to ensure a remnant liver over 40-50% of the total liver volume are the key to obtain patient survival.

Racional : Hepatoduodenopancreatectomia é uma das operações abdominais mais complexas indicadas principalmente no carcinoma biliar avançado. Objetivo : Apresentar experiência de 10 anos executando esta operação em tumores malignos avançados. Métodos : Trata-se de estudo descritivo e retrospectivo. De 2004 a 2014, 35 hepatopancreatoduodenectomias foram realizadas em três diferentes instituições. A indicação mais comum foi carcinoma biliar avançado em 24 pacientes (68,5%). Resultados : Dezoito tinham câncer de vesícula biliar, oito tumores de Klatskin, cinco tumores neuroendócrinos com metástase hepática, uma metástase colorretal invadindo a cabeça do pâncreas, uma neoplasia mucinosa papilar intraductal com metástase hepática, uma recorrência do câncer gástrico com comprometimento hepático e um melanoma ocular com metástase na cabeça do pâncreas e no lobo direito do fígado. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a duodenopancreatectomia com ressecção hepática da seguinte forma: oito triseccionectomias direitas, cinco lobectomias direitas, quatro lobectomias esquerdas, e 18 lobectomias centrais (IVb, V e VIII). A mortalidade global foi de 34,2% (12/35) e a taxa de morbidade global foi de 97,4%. Conclusão : Alta mortalidade é vista quando grande ressecção hepática é realizada junto à duodenopancreatectomia, incluindo lobectomia e triseccionectomia direita. Insuficiência hepática em combinação com deiscência do pâncreas é invariavelmente letal. Esforços para garantir fígado remanescente em 40-50% do volume total são a chave para obter sobrevida.

Colédoco-duodenostomía guiada por ecoendoscopia en cáncer de páncreas avanzado con obstrucción duodenal / Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledocho-duodenostomy in advanced pancreatic cancer with duodenal obstruction

La colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) se considera el tratamiento de primera línea para el drenaje biliar en pacientes con cáncer de páncreas. En los casos de fracaso por CPRE, generalmente se realiza un drenaje biliar transparietohepático o una derivación biliar quirúrgica. En la última década, las indicaciones y la utilidad de la ecoendoscopia en pacientes con cáncer de páncreas han ido creciendo, y se han informado numerosos casos de drenajes biliares guiados por ecoendoscopia como una alternativa al drenaje biliar percutáneo o quirúrgico en fracasos en la CPRE. Nuestro objetivo es comunicar un caso con cáncer de páncreas localmente avanzado que se presentó con ictericia indolora y síndrome coledociano con obstrucción biliar y duodenal, en el que se realizó una colédoco-duodenostomía guiada por ecoendoscopia mediante la colocación de una prótesis metálica autoexpandible.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is considered the first-approach for biliary drainage. In cases of ERCP failure, patients are usually referred for percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage or surgical biliary bypass. In the last decade, the indications of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the management of patients with pancreatic cancer have increased, and numerous cases of EUS-guided biliary drainage have been reported in patients with failures during the ERCP. Our goal is to report a patient with locally advanced pancreatic cancer who presented with painless jaundice and cholestasis with biliary and duodenal obstruction. A EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy was performed by placement of a self-expanding metal stent.

[Primary pancreatic plasmacytoma]. / Plasmocitoma pancreático primario.

Extramedullary plasmacytomas are uncommon malignant plasma cell tumors that present outside the bone marrow; 80% of extramedullary plasmacytomas are located in the upper respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal plasmacytomas are rare. We present the case of an asymptomatic 65-year-old man in whom a pancreatic mass was found incidentally. The lesion was determined to be a pancreatic plasmacytoma after fine-needle aspiration cytology and surgical resection. No clinical, laboratory, or imaging findings indicative of multiple myeloma or association with other plasmacytomas were found, so the tumor was considered to be a primary pancreatic plasmacytoma.

Neoplasia mucinosa papilar intraductal: relato de casos / Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: case reports

A Neoplasia Mucinosa Papilar Intraductal (NMPI) consiste em uma proliferação do epitélio ductal pancreático, frequentemente de aspecto papilar, com hipersecreção e retenção de mucina, e consequentemente dilatação cística do ducto pancreátrico principal e/ou ductos secundários. Desde sua primeira descrição, tem se observado um aumento frequente no diagnóstico de NMPI, assim como das lesões císticas pancreáticas, e conforme estas lesões se tornaram achados mais frequentes, é de extrema importância sua diferenciação, devido algumas apresentarem importante potencial maligno. A NMPI, na grande maioria das vezes, é assintomática ou apresenta sintomas inespecíficos, representando achados incidentais em exames de imagem por sinais e sintomas não relacionados ao pâncreas. O tratamento depende do tipo de NMPI. Enquanto a NMPI ducto principal sempre requer cirurgia, na NMPI ramos secundários pode-se optar por seguimento clínico. Relataremos dois casos de NMPI ramos secundários optado por tratamento clínico, sendo realizada ainda uma revisão da literatura sobre a caracterização da doença, aspectos do seu diagnóstico e tratamento (AU)

Técnica y resultados con reconstrucción pancreato-gástrica ducto-mucosa en pancreatoduodenectomy / Duct-to-mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy after pancreatoduodenectomy: experience in 37 patients

Background: Pancreatic reconstruction in pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) has many technical options. Evidence shows no difference in pancreatic fistula rate or mortality between pancretogastrostomy and pancrea-ticojejunostomy reconstruction. Aim: To report the results of the technique used by our team to perform duct-to-mucosa pancreaticogastrostomy (DMPG) in PD. Material and Methods: Follow up of 37 patients aged 53 +/- 12 years (59 percent women), subjected to pancreatoduodenectomy, using DMPG. Perioperative complications were reported using the Dindo-Clavien classification. Results: All patients had a pancreatic cancer. The tumor was located in the head or ampulla of Vater in 38 percent of patients. The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma in 33 patients (89 percent). Seventy three percent of patients did not have regional lymph node involvement (NO). Two patients died (5 percent). Postoperative complications were registered in 35 percent of patients. Two patients developed pancreatic fistulas, that were type A and B I one patient each, according to the classification of the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula. Conclusions: The morbidity and mortality associated with DMPG in PD in the reported cohort are comparable to those reported by other local studies.

Introducción: Para la reconstrucción pancreática en pancreatoduodenectomía (PD) existen diversas técnicas; la evidencia científica no demuestra diferencia en el porcentaje de fístulas pancreáticas ni morbi-mortalidad entre la reconstrucción con pancreatogastrostomía y pancreatoyeyunostomía. Nuestro objetivo es describir la técnica de pancreato-gastro anastomosis ducto-mucosa (PGADM) y los resultados en términos de morbimortalidad de esta técnica utilizada para la reconstrucción pancreática en PD. Material y Método: Estudio de serie de casos con seguimiento. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 15 años que fueron sometidos a PD y en los cuales se realizó reconstrucción pancreática con PGADM por el equipo de cirugía hepatopancreática y biliar del Hospital Regional de Temuco desde 1996 hasta 2010. Se reportó morbilidad perioperatoria según la clasificación de Dindo-Clavien. Se aplica estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La cohorte está constituida por 37 pacientes, la edad promedio fue 53 +/- 12 años y el 59 por ciento género masculino. Todos los pacientes tienen confirmación histopatológica de neoplasia, siendo los orígenes más frecuentes la cabeza del páncreas y ampolla de Vater con un 38 por ciento. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue el adenocarcinoma en 33 pacientes (89 por ciento). El 73 por ciento de los pacientes no tenía compromiso de ganglios linfáticos regionales (N0). La morbilidad peri operatoria fue de 35 por ciento. Dos pacientes presentaron fístulas pancreáticas (5,4 por ciento), uno tipo A y otra tipo B según la clasificación de la ISGPF. La mortalidad perioperatoria es de 2 pacientes (5 por ciento). Conclusiones: La morbi-mortalidad asociada a PD con reconstrucción pancreática con PGADM es comparable a la reportada por series nacionales.

Pancreatectomía central: relato de casos y descripción de la técnica / Central pancreatectomy: cases report and technique description

The conventional techniques of pancreatic resections, most of the time imply in the withdrawal of ex-tensive segments of pancreatic parenchyma, having as possible complications at the long time, the appearance of endocrine or exocrine insufficience. The central pancreatectomy consists in an alternative of pancreatic resection to resect benign or low grade malignant tumours located in the pancreatic isthmus. We present the clinical characteristics, image, and the surgical technique used, for withdraw of pancreatic isthmus nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm and pancreatic serous cystic adenoma.

Las técnicas convencionales de resección pancreática para el tratamiento de enfermedades neoplásicas, en la mayoría de las veces implican la extirpación de segmentos extensos del parénquima pancreático, existiendo como eventuales complicaciones a largo plazo, el surgimiento de insuficiencia pancreática endocrina o exocrina. La pancreatectomía central se constituye en una alternativa de resección pancreática, que limita esta resección solamente al sector comprometido, especialmente en las neoplasias benignas o de bajo grado de malignidad. Presentamos las características clínicas, de imagen y la técnica empleada en dos pacientes, para el tratamiento quirúrgico de un tumor endocrino no funcionante y de un cistoadenoma seroso, localizados en el cuello del páncreas, mediante la pancreatectomía central.

Acidose metabólica por hiperglicemia transitória pós enucleação de insulinoma pancreático / Metabolic acidosis secondary to transient hyperglycemia after pancreatic insulinoma enucleation

INTRODUÇÃO: Insulinoma é a neoplasia endócrina mais frequente dos tumores funcionantes do pâncreas. Origina-se a partir das células beta das ilhotas de Langerhans e caracteriza-se pela produção excessiva de insulina, com consequente hipoglicemia. O tratamento de escolha é a remoção cirúrgica da neoplasia. O presente relato tem como objetivo apresentar uma complicação metabólica pouco observada.RELATO DO CASO: Homem de 41 anos de idade há dois anos com tonturas, visão turva e convulsões. Os sintomas estavam bem relacionados com períodos prolongados de jejum e melhoravam com as refeições, e durante um dos episódios foi constatada a presença de hipoglicemia, melhorando os sintomas imediatamente após administração de glicose endovenosa. A pesquisa glicêmica revelou intensa hipoglicemia. Ultrassonografia, tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética de abdome não revelaram nenhum tipo de alterações no pâncreas. Com a hipótese diagnóstica de hiperglicemia orgânica por provável insulinoma, o paciente foi submetido à enucleação da lesão. No 5º dia do pós-operatório surgiu fístula pancreática e acidose metabólica com resolução satisfatória. O laudo histopatológico mostrou tumor endócrino de pâncreas de 1,5 cm.CONCLUSÃO: Todo paciente submetido à ressecção de insulinoma pancreático deve realizar o pós-operatório imediato em unidades de terapia intensiva, monitorando de forma rigorosa os níveis de glicemia como prevenção de acidose metabólica.

INTRODUCTION: The insulinoma is the most frequent endocrine neoplasm among the functional pancreatic tumors. It originates in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans and is characterized by the oversecretion of insulin, leading to hypoglycemia. The treatment of choice is the surgical excision of the tumor. The aim of the present report is to describe a rarely observed metabolic complication.CASE REPORT: The case is presented of a 41-year-old man with a 2-year history of dizziness, blurred vision and seizures. The symptoms were closely related to prolonged fasting and improved with eating; hypoglycemia was found during one of the episodes. Symptoms were relieved immediately after intravenous administration of glucose. Blood glucose workup showed severe hypoglycemia. Abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging did not show any alteration in the pancreas. With the diagnostic hypothesis of organic hypoglycemia from a likely insulinoma, the patient underwent the enucleation of the lesion. On the 5th postoperative day, a pancreatic fistula appeared, as well as metabolic acidosis which resolved satisfactorily. The histopathological report showed a 1.5-cm endocrine pancreatic tumor.CONCLUSION: Every patient submitted to pancreatic insulinoma resection should stay in an intensive care unit during the immediate postoperative period and their glycemic levels must be monitored closely to prevent metabolic acidosis.